ConsciousVibes.com

Home | Links ( Motorcycles, Computers )

NYC College of Technology

CST 3607: LAN Connectivity (Spring 2012)

	Announcements
	Assignment Requirements
	Required Texts
	Class Notes & Assignments : February, March, April, May
	Recommended Web Sites and Books
	Login to Blackboard : Need a CUNY Portal ID? Then Register Now

Announcements

Required for all Assignments

Required Text

Reference Texts

Class Notes & Assignments

In Class

• The Class Web page is located at ConsciousVibes.com (No www. prefix!)
  • All assignments, reading and written, will only be posted on the class Web page.
  • Assignments will never be posted in Blackboard
• Blackboard via the CUNY Portal
  • Exams and quizzes will be administered via Blackboard
  • Make sure that you know your CUNY Portal user name and password.
  • If you do not have a CUNY Portal ID, then Register Now
  • Log into Blackboard to verify that you have access as soon as possible
• Free classess at the Office of Adult & Continuing Education
• Why You Should Not Run as an Administrator or Root User
  • Principle of Least Privilege
• How and Why AutoPlay / AutoRun in Windows Should be Disabled
• Disable Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) on your router
  • UPnP-enabled routers allow attacks on LANs
• Disable Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) on your router
  • SecurityNow! Episode 337: WPS: A Troubled Protocol
  • Major Wireless Network Security Breach – Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) PIN Brute Force Vulnerability
  • Waiting For The WPS Fix
• Malware (short for malicious software)
• The key to solving the malware problem is avoidance, not detection and removal.
• Rootkits : You can never be sure you've gotten rid of one.
• Live AntiVirus and Recovery Discs
• KNOPPIX Live Disc
  • Download via the "Get Knoppix" menu
• Protocol Review:
  • DNS (Domain Name System) (or Service or Server)
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
  • NAT (Network Address Translation)
    • Network Address Translation is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard used to allow multiple PCs or devices on a local area network to share a single, globally routable IPv4 address.
    • NATs are also used to avoid address renumbering in a LAN when topology outside the private network changes.
• Review: Troubleshooting Client Network Connectivity
  • Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
    • IPv4 Link-Local address assignment (IPV4LL)
    • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0/16) for Automatic Private IP Addressing. As a result, APIPA provides an address that is guaranteed not to conflict with routable addresses.
    • How to use automatic TCP/IP addressing without a DHCP server
  • IPConfig /all
  • Ping
• Memorize these Bit Patterns and Common Mask Values (pdf)

10000000 = 128
11000000 = 192
11100000 = 224
11110000 = 240
11111000 = 248
11111100 = 252
11111110 = 254
11111111 = 255

• SecurityNow! Netcast by Steve Gibson and Leo Laporte
• Real World Example: Multi-homed Server, NAT, and Proxy servers
  • Determining the fault of intermittent loss of Internet access
    • Proxy server traffic limits were reached because of the amount of traffic coming from the one WAN side interface on the multi-homed server.
  • Issue resolved by setting up a 2nd multi-homed server and splitting the DHCP scope evenly between the two servers, thus splitting the traffice the proxy server see between two network interfaces.

Read

• Chapter 19 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) : RFC 1519
• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
• UPnP-enabled routers allow attacks on LANs
• TCP/IP Tutorials and TCP/IP Links

Do

• Assignment #1, Due Thurs. 2/2/2012
  • Review Questions 1 - 10 at the end of Chapter 19, pg. 574
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the review questions and exercises in class without the use of the computers.
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted

• Send me an e-mail, before 12 noon tomorrow, from the e-mail address I will use to communicate with you for the rest of this semester.
  • Include your first and last names and your mobile phone number.
• Study the OSI Reference Model
• Use the ShieldsUp Internet Vulnerability Profiling tool at grc.com to test your firewall.

February

In Class

• WireShark Packet Sniffer
• IP Address Notation
  • IPv4: dotted-decimal notation. e.g. 192.168.1.1
  • IPv6: Hexadecimal colon notation. e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
• Classful IP Addressing
• Classless IP Addressing
• Subnetting
  • Divides an address block into smaller networks
  • Increases the number of 1's in the mask
• Supernetting
  • Combines contiguous Class C networks to create a larger block of addresses
  • Decreases the number of 1's in the mask
• What distinguishes Classful addressing from Classless addressing?
• Classful addressing is when no subnetting or supernetting is used.
• Converting a binary number to decimal
• Determine the network address by ANDing the binary subnet mask with the binary IP address
  • ANDing bits: If both bits are 1, then the result is 1. Otherwise, the result is 0.
  • ORing bits: If both bits are 0, then the result is 1. Otherwise, the result is 0
• Wireless Network Security
  • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) : Due to known security issues with WEP encryption, it is recommended that you use only WPA2-Personal-PSK (preferred) or WPA PSK. WEP can easily be cracked in a few minutes.
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2)
  • When using WPA2, use AES encryption only, instead of TKIP+AES
    • SecurityNow! Episode 170 discusses the TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) hack
• GRC's Ultra High Security Password Generator
• Symantec says source code stolen in 2006 hack
  • Symantec tells customers to disable PCAnywhere
• LastPass is a password manager. It helps you be more secure by using a different username/password for every Web site.
  • LastPast Configuration
    • Make sure to uncheck "Remember Email" and "Show My LastPass Vault After Login" on the Login screen
    • And under: Preferences > General: enable "Automatically Logoff when all browsers are closed for (mins)" and set the time to 1 min
  • SecurityNow! Episode #256: In-depth review and evaluation of LastPass (00:52:28 - 01:53:00). [Show Notes]
  • Review: LastPass password manager
  • Video: Why use LastPass?
  • Password Haystacks

Read

• Chapter 19 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.
• Read Appendix B: Numbering Systems.
  • Pay special attention to section B.4 Base 256: IP Address

Do

• Assignment #2, Due Tues. 2/7/2012
  • Do Exercise Questions 12 - 38 (even numbered only) at the end of Chapter 19, pgs. 575 - 577
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off.
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted

In Class

• Assignment #1 Debriefing
• How to: Convert a Decimal Number to a Base-256 Dotted-decimal

Read

• LearnToSubnet.com
• IPv4 subnetting reference
• Subnetwork
• TCP/IP Tutorials and TCP/IP Links
• Build Your Skills: Subnetting and supernetting IP networks
  • Note: This article excludes subnet zero and the broadcast subnet for the whole address block, but we always include both in our calculations

Do

In Class

• 26 models of Trendnet webcams have been identified as vulnerable to a bug that lets anyone tap into the video stream with just an IP address.
  • Critical Firmware Update: New IP Camera Firmware Eliminates Security Threat (2/7/2012)
  • Flaw in Home Security Cameras Exposes Live Feeds to Hackers
  • Thousands of Webcams Made Publicly Accessible By Software Bug
  • Shodan: A computer search engine that lets you search the Internet for computers.
• Assignment #2 Debriefing
  • Chapter 19, Question 21/22 in detail
• Ethernet Broadcast Address
  • What is the broadcast address for Ethernet?
  • Data Link Layer / Ethernet broadcast address: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF  (6 pairs of F's) (FF = 255 = 1 byte) (6 bytes = 48 bits)
  • Ethernet is at the physical layer, so addresses must be physical addresses
• Subnet zero and the all-ones subnet
• The first subnet obtained from subnetting has all bits in the subnet bit group set to zero (0). It is therefore called subnet zero.
• The last subnet obtained from subnetting has all bits in the subnet bit group set to one (1). It is therefore called the all-ones subnet.
• The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) discouraged the production use of these two subnets at one point due to possible confusion of having a network and subnet with the same address. The practice of avoiding subnet zero and the all-ones subnet was declared obsolete in 1995 by RFC 1878.
• Sandbox
  • Sandbox (computer security), a virtual container in which untrusted programs can be safely run
  • Java runs in a sandbox
  • Virtual Machines are sandboxes. Virtual PC, VMWare, VMLite, VirtualBox

Read

• Chapter 20

Do

In Class

• EXIF (Exchangeable image file format) metadata in digital photos
  • Potential Risks of Photos Taken Using A GPS Enabled Smart Phone
  • Smartphone pictures pose privacy risks
  • How are you doing this?
• Assignment #2 Debriefing
  • Chapter 19, Question 26 in detail
• Using the Wildcard Mask / Inverse Mask to determine the Base-256 equivalent of the total number of addresses (-1) within a subnet.
• Review "Subnets / Bits / Subnet Mask Cross-reference" Chart

• Workbook: Custom Subnet Masks

Read

• Chapter 20 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.
• Understanding IP Addressing (by Chuck Semeria) and save the PDF version

Do

• Assignment #3, Due Thurs. 2/16/2012
  • Custom Subnet Mask problems 4 through 8 on the handout received in class on 2/13/2012
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted

In Class

• Assignment #3 Debriefing
  • Custom Subnet Masks
• Backing Up: 3-2-1 Rule
  • 3: Have three copies of your files. The original, plus 2 copies
  • 2: On different storage mediums. e.g. separate hard drive, optical (CD/DVD), tape
  • 1: Have a current backup offsite and/or online :
    • Carbonite.com, JungleDisk with Amazon S3, Gmail Sync, Microsoft Live Sync/Mesh.
• Real World Experience: Troubleshooting a Router with intermittent connectivity

Read

• How a Broadcast Address Works
• Chapter 20 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

View

• OSI Model Training Tutorial (1 of 3)
• OSI Model Training Tutorial (2 of 3)
• OSI Model Training Tutorial (3 of 3)
• Understanding the OSI Reference Model by Cisco Systems & presented by Eric Jefferson

Do

• Study for Quiz #1 (Thurs. 2/23/2012)

Read

• Chapter 20 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Study for Quiz #1 (Thurs. 2/23/2012)

In Class

• Synchronizing files and directories to backup media
• AllwaySync
• Synkron
• Windows Live Mesh
• Why is ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) on Layer 2 instead of Layer 3 of the OSI Reference Model?
  • The Address Resolution Protocol is a request and reply protocol that runs encapsulated by the line protocol. It is communicated within the boundaries of a single network, never routed across internetwork nodes. This property places ARP into the Link Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite.
  • ARP is a layer 2 protocol with an Ethernet type = 0x806
  • ARP provides a service for Layer 3
  • ARP does not provide Layer 3 services.
  • ARP does not use Layer 3 services.
  • ARP is not exclusive to IP. ARP is used by other protocols
  • If anyone thinks that ARP is on Layer 3, ask them what is the IP protocol number for ARP?
• TCP/IP Ports
• The Port address or port number identifies a specific process, application, or service on a host.
• IP address of host + Port number = Socket
• e.g. HTTP 80, HTTPS 443, FTP (20 [data] & 21 [control], 23 Telnet, POP3 110,
• Port numbers are categorized into three basic categories:
  • well-known
  • registered
  • dynamic/private.
• The state of TCP/IP ports are: Open or Closed or Stealth
  • Stealth means that a port is closed "and" does not respond to a query
• Workbook: Subnetting
• DNS root zone
• DNS Name Server Status Summary
• Anycast
• Podnutz Pro Netcast/podcast

• Quiz #1: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 19: Network Layer: Logical Addressing
    • All key words and concepts from chapter 19
  • Subnetting and IP block allocation
    • Classless Addressing (Chapter 19, page 555)
    • Determine how many bits are needed for the netid
    • Determine how many bits are needed for the hostid
    • Determine how many bits to borrow, for subnetting
    • Determine how many subnets / sub-networks are needed.
      (2^{[# bits borrored]} = # of Subnets)
    • Determine the total number of addresses within a block of addresses
    • Determine the total number of addresses per subnet
    • Determine the mask.
      • You must be able to write the mask in dotted-decimal form and in slash notation (/x)
    • ANDing the binary mask with the binary of an IP address to determine the network address.
      • ANDing is used determine the network address when an IP address within the block is known.
    • Converting a decimal number to Base-256
    • Converting from decimal to binary
    • Converting from binary to decimal
  • OSI Reference Model
    • See Chapter 2: pgs. 29 - 50 and the OSI Reference Model handout.
    • All 7 layers of the OSI Reference Model
      • Layer numbers
      • Layer names
      • The responsibilities/functions of each layer
      • Which layers major protocols function on. e.g. TCP, UDP, IP, Telnet, FTP, etc.
    • Which devices operate at which layers. e.g. Switches, Routers, Hubs, NIC's, etc.
    • Which type of addressing is handled on Layer 2: Physical, and Layer 3: Network.
  • Status/Troubleshooting Commands for hosts/Windows PC's
    • ipconfig /all, ping, etc.
  • Define: DNS, ARP, NAT, DHCP, DHCP scope, etc.
    • You must be able to specify what the acronym means, and also describe what the service/protocol does.
  • Type Prefixes for IPv6 addresses
    • (Ch. 19, pgs. 568-572)
    • Link local address
    • Site local address
    • Multicast address

Read

• Help: I Got Hacked. Now What Do I Do?
  • Microsoft Tech Net: Why you should wipe a compromised drive to the bare metal. Article by Jesper M. Johansson
• Chapter 20 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Assignment #4, Due Thurs. 3/1/2011
  • Do Exercise Questions 2 - 24 (even numbered only) in Chapter 20, pgs. 607 - 609
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted

In Class

• Quiz #1 Debriefing
• Switch vs Layer 3 Switch vs Bridge vs Router
• Subnetting Practice (W#5)

Read

Do

March

In Class

• Computer Virus Hits U.S. Drone Fleet
• Subnetting Practice

Read

• Chapter 21 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Assignment #5, Due Tues. 3/6/2012
  • Subnetting problems 3 through 15 on the handout received in class on 3/1/2012
  • If you missed the 3/1/2012 class, then e-mail me and we'll arrange a time and place to meet so that you can get your copy of the handout.
• Bring in a stand-alone calculator (not the one on your phone). Preferably one that can do: x^y

In Class

• Assignment #5 Debriefing
• Wireshark is a network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network.
  • To start Wireshark from the Knoppix Live disc [FTP]
    • Open a CLI and type: sudo wireshark
    • "sudo" elevates wiresharks' rights so that it can add the local Ethernet interfaces.
  • View: Introduction to WireShark
• IPv4 to IPv6 Transition

Read

• Chapter 21 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.
• 10 dumb things IT pros do that can mess up their networks
• LCD Monitor : Bill tears down an LCD monitor to show how it works

Do

• Study of the subnetting quiz on Thursday

In Class

• IPv4 Header fields
• MTU
• TTL
• Quiz #3: Subnetting
  • You must be able to determine the following:
    • number of bits to borrow
    • the subnet mask and prefix
    • number of addresses per subnet
    • convert the number of addresses per subnet to a Base-256 / dotted-decimal
    • the inverse/wildcard mask
    • the range of total addresses in each subnet
    • number of subnets
    • the subnet address and range for the n^th subnet. (include subnet zero)
    • the subnet address and range for subnet number n
    • Number of subnets/networks on a network diagram
    • Determine the percentage of growth, etc.
  • Bring in a calculator for the quiz (not the one on your phone). Preferably one that can do: x^y

Read

Do

In Class

• Quiz #3 debriefing
• Assignment #5 debriefing, continued.
• Subnetting Practice
• Dealing with, and coordiniating with multiple vendors to get an office setup and wired. (MMALC Room 413)

Read

• Chapter 21 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Study for Exam #1 next week

In Class

• Fields related to fragmentation of an IPv4 datagram. [Ch. 20, p. 591]
  • Identification (16-bit field)
  • Flags (3-bit field)
  • Fragmentation offset (13-bit field)
• Practical Subnetting
• Fix: No Internet Access Because of Invalid 0.0.0.0 Network
• Quiz #3B

Read

• Chapter 21 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Study for Exam #1 next week

In Class

• Quiz #3B Debriefing
• Practical Subnetting debriefing
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) packet structure
  • Computer Desktop Encyclopedia: ARP
  • ARP/RARP
  • ARP Spoofing
  • ArpON: Defending against ARP Poisoning / ARP Spoofing
  • XArp - Advanced ARP Spoofing Detection
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) [Ch. 21, p. 620]
  • The process of getting an IP address lease from the DHCP server
  • RFC2131
  • In addition to an IP address, what additional parameters, if any, does a host need to get from the DHCP server?
    • Subnet Mask
    • Default Gateway
    • DNS Server's IP address

Read

• How to Ace Calculus: The Art of Doing Well in Technical Courses
  
• BetterExplained: Learn Right, Not Rote

Do

• Assignment #6, Due Tues. 3/27/2012
  • Do Exercise Questions 2 - 28 (even numbered only) in Chapter 21
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted
• Study for Exam #1.

In Class

• Apache Server Status information leakage default configuration
• Bufferbloat
  • Security Now #345
  • ICSI Netalyzr
  • Bufferbloat: "Dark" Buffers in the Internet - Demonstrations and Discussions
  • Bufferbloat.net
  • Bufferbloat FAQ
  • Search: Bufferbloat

• Exam #1: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 19 & 20: Network Layer: Logical Addressing & Internet Protocol
    • All key words from chapter 19 & 20
  • Subnetting and IP block allocation
    • Classless addressing / Classless Inter-Domain Routing
    • Determine how many bits are needed for the netid.
    • Determine how many bits are needed for the hostid.
    • Determine how many bits to borrow
    • Determine the number of subnets. 2^{(number of bits borrowed)} = # of subnets
    • Determine the subnet mask (w.x.y.z)
    • Determine the prefix (/n)
    • Determine the total number of addresses per subnet
    • Adding the Inverse Mask / Wildcard Mask to the first address in a subnet to get the last address in the subnet.
    • ANDing the subnet mask with an IP address to determine the network address.
    • Converting a decimal number to Base-256 dotted-decimal
    • Converting from decimal to binary
    • Converting from binary to decimal
  • OSI Reference Model (See Chapter 2: pgs. 29 - 50)
    • All 7 layers of the OSI Reference Model (Layer number, Layer name, Layer function)
      • Layer numbers
      • Layer names
      • The responsibilities/functions of each layer
      • Which layers major protocols function on. e.g. TCP, UDP, IP, Telnet, FTP, etc.
    • Which devices operate at which layers. e.g. Switches, Routers, Hubs, NIC's, etc.
    • Encapsulation (p. 33)
    • When using physical addressing, what is the name of the layer being used?
    • When using IP addressing, what is the name of the layer being used?
  • Status/Troubleshooting Commands for hosts/Windows PC's
    • ipconfig, arp, ping, tracert, etc.
  • Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
    • The three strategies for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and their definitions
    • Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
  IPv4 Header
  • Minimum size of the IPv4 header
  • Maximum size of the IPv4 header
  • Total length of the IPv4 datagram, in bytes [Ch. 20 p. 586]
  • The three IPv4 Header fields related to IP fragmentation: [Ch. 20, p. 591]
  • What does the checksum in an IPv4 packet covers. The header only or the header and the data?
  • The header of the IPv4 packet changes with each visited router. (Specifically: Source IP, TTL, and checksum)
  • Networking protocols and services
    • DHCP
    • DNS
    • ARP

Read

Do

In Class

• Exam #1 debriefing
• Switch vs Layer 3 Switch vs Bridge vs Router
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
  • As discussed in Chapter 20, IP provides unreliable and connectionless datagram delivery. It was designed this way to make efficient use of network resources.
  • The IP protocol is a best-effort delivery service that delivers a datagram from its original source to its final destination.
  • IP has two deficiencies: lack of error control and lack of assistance mechanisms.
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) has been designed to compensate for the above two deficiencies. It is a companion to the IP protocol.
  • ICMP messages are divided into two broad categories: error-reporting messages and query messages.
    • The error-reporting messages report problems that a router or a host (destination) may encounter when it processes an IP packet.
    • The query messages, which occur in pairs, help a host or a network manager get specific information from a router or another host.

Read / Listen

• Dennis Ritchie: The Shoulders Steve Jobs Stood On
• Understanding Man-In-The-Middle Attacks by Chris Sanders
• NPR: Technology: Want A Job? You Ought To Be A Tech Geek by Zoe Chace
• Chapter 22 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

In Class

• Java vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild. Update Java.
• Routing Tables
  • The minimum fields needed in a routing table: (See. Ch 22, pg. 650, Fig. 22.5)

  Field	Description
  Mask	The network prefix (in slash notation)
  Network address	The network address of the destination network
  Interface	The network interface used to get to the destination network
  Next Hop IP address	The IP address of the next neighbor router to the destination network

• Lab A - Routing Tables
  • Building the Routing Tables for 6 networks with four routers
    • Lab A - Network Diagram
    • Lab A - Worksheet

Read

• Chapter 22 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.
• Collision Domain (Ch. 13, Pg. 407)
• Broadcast Domain
• Understanding the protocols underlying dynamic routing
• How Routers Work

Do

• Assignment #7, Due Tues. 4/3/2012
  • Do Exercise Questions 2 - 32 (even numbered only) in Chapter 22
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted
• Complete the routing tables for all routers in Lab A before class on Tuesday.
  • Lab A - Network Diagram
  • Lab A - Worksheet

April

In Class

• Lab A (Building Routing Tables) Review
• VLAN (Virtual LAN)
• Collision Domain (Ch. 13, P407)
• Broadcast Domain
• Forwarding Techniques [Ch. 22, p. 648]
  • Techniques to make the size of the routing table manageable and also handle issues such as security.
  • Next-Hop Method vs. Route Method
    • The routing table holds only the address of the next hop instead of information about the complete route (route method).
  • Network-Specific Method vs. Host-Specific Method
    • Instead of having an entry for every destination host connected to the same physical network (host-specific method), we have only one entry that defines the address of the destination network itself.
  • Default Method
• Delivery of a Packet
  • Direct Delivery
    • Direct delivery occurs when the source and destination of the packet are located on the same physical network or when the delivery is between the last router and the destination host.
  • Indirect Delivery
  • If the destination host is not on the same network as the deliverer, the packet is delivered indirectly.
  • In an indirect delivery, the packet goes from router to router until it reaches the one connected to the same physical network as its final destination.
  • A delivery always involves one direct delivery but zero or more indirect deliveries.
  • The last delivery is always a direct delivery.
• How Routers Talk to Each Other
  • Autonomous System (AS)
    • A group of networks and routers under the authority of a single administration.
    • [Ch.22, Pgs. 659, 671, 673]
  • Convergence (routing protocol)
    • In a converged network all routers "agree" on what the network topology looks like

Read

• Understanding the protocols underlying dynamic routing
• Exploits of a Mom

Do

In Class

• Assignment #7 debriefing
• ARP Header
• Routing protocols:
  • An interior gateway protocol (IGP) is a routing protocol that is used within an autonomous system (AS).
  • Interior gateway protocols can be divided into two categories
    • Distance-vector routing protocols
      • (RIP, IGRP, EIGRP)
      • A distance-vector routing protocol requires that a router informs its neighbors of topology changes periodically and, in some cases, when a change is detected in the topology of a network.
    • Link-state routing protocols
      • (OSPF, Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) )
    • link-state protocols require a router to inform all the nodes in a network of topology changes
  • An Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is used to between autonomous systems.
    • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet.

Read

• IP Routing in 40 Short Steps by Todd Lammle
  • This Alternate Network Diagram should be easier to understand, than the one in the article.
• Chapter 23 of Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed.

Do

• Assignment #8, Due Tues. 4/17/2012
  • Using the Alternate Network Diagram for IP Routing in 40 Short Steps, do the following:
    1. Create the routing tables for both routers on the worksheet.
    2. Document the details for each network on the Answer Sheet.

Read

Do

Read

Do

In Class

• Assignment #8:IP Routing in 40 Short Steps debriefing.
• Cisco IOS
• Cisco IOS and Router Command Reference
• Connecting to a Cisco Router
  • Telnet
  • Aux
  • Console (rollover cable)
  • HyperTerminal is no longer part of Windows
  • 9600,8,n,1,none
  • Speed - 9600 bps (Bits per Second)
  • Data Bits - 8
  • Parity - none
  • Stop bits - 1
  • Flow Control - none
• Packet Life community lab provides free access to modern Cisco networking equipment for training purposes.
• inSSIDer open-source Wi-Fi scanning software

Read

Do

In Class

• Review Chapter 22
• Cisco IOS and Router Command Reference
• Hands-on: Connecting to a router via the console port, using HyperTerminal
• Hands-on: RouterSim
  • Enable: View > IP Addresses, Port Numbers, RouterSim Devices, Tooltips
  • Disable: View > Hostnames
  • Adding and connecting objects (Routers, Switches, PC's)
  • Save file the project as: CST 3607 - Lab-01, LastName, FirstName v01

Read

• Chapter 23

Do

• Assignment #9, Due Tues. 4/24/2012
  • Do Exercise Questions 2 - 34 (even numbered only) in Chapter 23
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted

In Class

• Assignment #9 Debriefing
• Skydrive Goes From 25GB Free to 7GB – Adds Paid Tiers (Claim Your 25GB Free Now)
• Connectionless vs Connection-Oriented Service
• Principle of Least Privilege
  • Use the Microsoft Standard User Analyzer (SUA) tool to detect where application is having issues or requiring administrative privileges.
  • SUA demo video
• Cisco IOS: How to program a network interface
  • Configure the IP address and subnet mask
  • Turn on/enable the interface
  • Diagnostic commands

Read

• Cisco IOS and Router Command Reference

Do

In Class

• Cisco IOS: How to program the RIP routing protocol
  • Add the RIP routing protocol
  • Add the network addresses for only the directly connected networks
• Lab-01 (3 Networks, 2 Routers, with the RIP Routing Protocol)
  • Instructions, Network Diagram
  • Lab-01 must be completed before class on Tues.
  • E-mail your completed .rsm file to me so that I can verify it.
  • Remember to increment the version number at the end of the filename every time you save. And save often.
• Notes or the RIP routing protocol:
  • RIP is classless
  • Use show ip route to check the subnetting/network addresses.
    (e.g. In Lab-01 on Router B, a Class B address with a /24 mask, shows up under show run and show ip protocol as 171.3.0.0, but you’ll see under show ip route that the network address was correctly defined as 171.3.#.0 (where # is your assigned number.))

Read

• Chapters 21 and 22 again.

Do

• Study for Exam #2

May

In Class

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
  • Designated Router (DR)
  • Backup Designated Router (BDR)
  • The Wildcard mask is the inverse of the subnet mask
• How to document your router configurations
• Lab-02 (3 Networks, 2 Routers, with the OSPF Routing Protocol)
  • Instructions
  • Lab-02 must be completed before class on Thurs.
  • E-mail your completed .rsm file to me so that I can verify it.
  • Remember to increment the version number at the end of the filename every time you save. And save often.

Read

Do

• Study for Exam #2

In Class

• -
• Exam #2: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 21: Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting
    • ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
      • As discussed in Chapter 20, IP provides unreliable and connectionless datagram delivery. It was designed this way to make efficient use of network resources.
      • The IP protocol is a best-effort delivery service that delivers a datagram from its original source to its final destination.
      • IP has two deficiencies: lack of error control and lack of assistance mechanisms.
      • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) has been designed to compensate for the above two deficiencies. It is a companion to the IP protocol.
      • ICMP messages are divided into two broad categories: error-reporting messages and query messages.
        • The error-reporting messages report problems that a router or a host (destination) may encounter when it processes an IP packet.
        • The query messages, which occur in pairs, help a host or a network manager get specific information from a router or another host
    • IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol):
      • a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish multicast group memberships.
  • Chapter 22: Network Layer: Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing
    • Autonomous System (AS)
    • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
    • Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
    • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the accepted standard for Internet routing. i.e. Between AS's.
    • Distinction Between the Types of Routing Protocols
      • Distance-vector routing protocols: (RIP, IGRP, EIGRP)
      • Link-state routing protocols: (OSPF)
      • Path vector protocols: (BGP)
    • Direct Delivery of packets
    • Indirect Delivery of packets
    • Forwarding Techniques
      • Next-Hop Method vs. Route Method
      • Network-Specific Method vs. Host-Specific Method
      • Default Method
    • Forwarding Process
      • Address aggregation [p. 652]
      • Longest Mask Matching [p. 652]
      • Hierarchical Routing [p. 653]
      • Geographical Routing  [p. 655]
    • In classless addressing, we need at least four columns in a routing table. What are they?
      • Mask, Network Address, Next-hop IP address, Interface (Ch.22, p. 650)
    • Methods for preventing routing loops
      • Split horizon, poison reverse, etc. (Ch 22, p. 664)
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
    • The DHCP Handshake
      • Discover --> (Broadcast)
      • Offer <-- (Unicast)
      • Request --> (Broadcast)
      • Acknowledge <-- (Unicast)
      • The name of each message that you would see in each packet
      • Whether a specific phase is broadcast or unicast
      • The details of each phase, especially on networks with more than one DHCP server.
    • What is the purpose of a DHCP scope or pool?
    • What would be the first octet of the IP address on a Windows client that failed to get an IP address from the DHCP server?

Read

Do

In Class

• Exam #2 Debriefing
• Serial Interfaces: DTE vs DCE
• Lab-03 (3 Networks, 2 Routers, with OSPF Routing Protocol, Serial WAN)
  • Instructions

Read

• Chapter 25

Do

• Study for the Final Exam

In Class

• DNS (Domain Name System) Root Server
• Passive FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Read

• Chapter 25
• Iran Probably Did Capture a Secret U.S. Drone
• It Won’t Be Easy for Iran to Dissect, Copy U.S. Drone
• Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel

Do

• Assignment #10, Due Tues. 5/15/2012
  • Do Exercise Questions 2 - 20 (even numbered only) in Chapter 25
  • Submit a typed hardcopy (with the questions) at the beginning of class.
    • Make sure to have an extra hardcopy for yourself to use during class. We will go over the exercises in class, and the computers will be turned off
  • Remember: No late assignments will be accepted
• Study for the Final Exam

In Class

• Assignment #10 debriefing.
• netdiag /fix
• dcdiag /fix
• net share
• Lab-04 (6 Networks, 4 Routers, OSPF, Serial WAN connections)
  • Instructions, Network Diagram, Router Configuration Dumps

Read

• Chapters 21, 22, 23, 25

Do

• Study for the Final Exam

In Class

• Lab-05: VLANs
  • Instructions

Read / View

• How to Configure VLANs on a Cisco Switch
• How to Configure VLAN s in the Cisco IOS by David Davis

Do

• Study for the Final Exam

Final Exam

• Final Exam: Covering, but not limited to the following:
  • Chapter 21: Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting
    • ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) [p. 621]
      • error-reporting messages
      • query messages
    • IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) [p. 630]
  • Chapter 22: Network Layer: Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing
  • Chapter 23: Transport Layer: Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP
  • Chapter 25: Domain Name System
  • All keywords from each chapter
  • Status/Troubleshooting Commands for hosts/Windows PC's
    • ipconfig, arp, ping, tracert, etc.
  • Routing Protocols
    • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) vs Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
    • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
    • RIP vs IGRP vs EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
    • EIGRP vs OSPF
    • What are autonomous systems?
    • Convergence
  • All layers of the OSI Reference Model
    • Layer numbers and names
    • Functions of each layer
    • Devices that operate on layers 1, 2, and 3
  • DHCP Handshake: (D.O.R.A.)
  • Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
    • The three strategies for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and their definitions
    • Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
  • Delivery of a Packet
    • Direct delivery
    • Indirect delivery
  • Techniques to make the size of the routing table manageable
    • Next-Hop Method vs. Route Method
    • Network-Specific Method vs. Host-Specific Method
    • Default Method
• As usual, the exam will be administered via Blackboard

.

Recommended Web Sites and Books